Hawking radiation theory or not limited to black holes

Tech 2023-06-07 09:19:54 Source: Network

Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, June 5 (Reporter Zhang Jiaxin) According to Stephen Hawking's famous radiation theory, as the event horizon (the outermost boundary of the black hole) destroys the surrounding quantum field, the black hole will evaporate over time and gradually lose mass in a strange form of radiation. However, the analysis shows that the event horizon is not essential to this process

Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, June 5 (Reporter Zhang Jiaxin) According to Stephen Hawking's famous radiation theory, as the event horizon (the outermost boundary of the black hole) destroys the surrounding quantum field, the black hole will evaporate over time and gradually lose mass in a strange form of radiation. However, the analysis shows that the event horizon is not essential to this process. A few days ago, according to the latest research of astrophysicists from Radbou University in the Netherlands, a sufficiently steep slope in the curvature of space-time can do the same thing. This indicates that Hawking's radiation theory is not only applicable to black holes, all large objects, and even the universe, which may eventually evaporate.

Hawking skillfully combines quantum physics and Einstein's gravity theory, and believes that the spontaneous generation and annihilation of paired particles must occur near the event horizon, beyond which the black hole's gravity cannot escape. A particle and its antiparticle are generated very briefly from a quantum field, and then they immediately annihilate. But sometimes, one particle falls into a black hole, and then another particle can escape, resulting in Hawking radiation. According to Hawking, this will ultimately lead to the evaporation of the black hole.

In this new research, the researchers from Radbou University combined physics, astronomy and mathematical technology to re-examine this process, analyze what happens when such particles are generated around black holes, and whether the existence of event horizon is really critical.

The results show that new particles can also be generated far beyond the event horizon. In addition to the well-known Hawking radiation, there is also a new form of radiation.

Any object with appropriate mass or density can produce significant spatiotemporal curvature. Basically, the gravitational field of these objects causes spacetime to warp around them. Black holes are the most extreme example, but spacetime also bends around other dense dead stars such as neutron star and white dwarf, as well as supermassive objects such as galaxy clusters. Researchers found that under these circumstances, gravity can still affect the fluctuations of the quantum field, enough to produce new particles very similar to Hawking radiation, without the need for the event horizon "catalyst".

The research means that objects without event horizon, such as the remains of dead stars and other large objects in the universe, also have this radiation. Moreover, after a long period of time, this will cause everything in the universe to eventually evaporate like a black hole.

Researchers say that this has not only changed people's understanding of Hawking radiation, but also changed their views on the universe and its future.

However, humans do not need to worry too much. A black hole with a mass equivalent to the sun takes 10 ^ 64 years to evaporate.

Relevant research was published in the Physical Review Letters published by the American Physical Society on the 2nd.

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