Matter accounts for 31% of the total mass and energy of the universe

Tech 2023-09-18 09:09:29 12 Source: Network

Science and Technology Daily News (Reporter Liu Xia): How many substances exist in the universe? In a recent study, an international team, including scientists from Chiba University in Japan, conducted measurements indicating that matter accounts for 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe, with the remaining 69% being dark energy. The relevant paper was published in the Astrophysical Journal on September 13th

Science and Technology Daily News (Reporter Liu Xia): How many substances exist in the universe? In a recent study, an international team, including scientists from Chiba University in Japan, conducted measurements indicating that matter accounts for 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe, with the remaining 69% being dark energy. The relevant paper was published in the Astrophysical Journal on September 13th.

Cosmologists previously believed that about 20% of matter is composed of ordinary or "baryonic" matter, including stars, galaxies, atoms, and life, while the remaining 80% is composed of dark matter. The mysterious properties of dark matter are still unknown and may be composed of some undiscovered subatomic particles. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy account for 4%, 23%, and 73% of the total mass and energy in the universe, respectively.

The higher the proportion of total matter in the universe, the more galaxy clusters form. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the mass of galaxy clusters because most matter is dark and cannot be directly observed with telescopes.

The new research method used by the team relies on the fact that large mass galaxy clusters contain more galaxies than small mass galaxy clusters. Due to the fact that galaxies are composed of luminous stars, the number of galaxies in each cluster can serve as an indirect way to determine their total mass.

On this basis, by measuring the number of galaxies in each cluster in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample, they estimated the total mass of each cluster, and then compared the observed number and mass of galaxy clusters per unit volume with numerical simulation predictions. The results showed that the observed and simulated values matched best when matter accounted for 31% of the total matter and energy in the universe, which was very consistent with the observations of the Planck satellite's cosmic microwave background (CMB).

This study further proves that galaxy cluster abundance is also a technical indicator that constrains cosmological parameters, complementing non cluster parameters such as CMB anisotropy, baryon acoustic oscillations, Ia type supernovae, or gravitational lenses.

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