Still struggling? A clear understanding of the difference between C language and C++language in one article

Tech 2023-05-16 09:07:43 Source: Network

Introduction to C and C++LanguagesC language is a high-level programming language developed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie of Bell Labs in one972. The design goal of C language is to provide a language that can write system programs in a simple way, easily generate portable machine code, and do not require special hardware support

Introduction to C and C++Languages

C language is a high-level programming language developed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie of Bell Labs in one972. The design goal of C language is to provide a language that can write system programs in a simple way, easily generate portable machine code, and do not require special hardware support.

With the continuous development of computer technology, C language has gradually become a widely used programming language. It is used for the development of operating systems, compilers, embedded systems, network communication, graphical interfaces, and other aspects.

The C++language originated in the early one980s and was developed by Bjarne Stroustup at Bell Labs. The C++language is used in

Based on the extension of C language, the idea of object-oriented programming is introduced into C language, making program development more convenient and modular.

The C++language is widely used in various fields such as game development, graphical interfaces, data processing, and servers. C++is also widely used in industries such as finance, healthcare, metals, and petroleum, as it can handle large datasets and complex problems.

The advantages of C language include:

Fast: C language is a relatively low-level language with fast instruction execution speed.
Simple: Compared with other high-level programming language, C language syntax is easy to understand and master.
Stability: The code written in C language is reliable and stable, and is not prone to various strange problems.
Universality: C language is a universal programming language that does not rely on specific hardware or operating systems.

The shortcomings of C language include:

Lack of scalability: C language itself lacks the characteristics of object-oriented programming, resulting in low code readability and reusability.
Difficulty in memory management: When C language was born, memory was a relatively scarce resource, so it needed to be managed manually, and memory leak was easy to occur.
Difficult to debug: Pointers are widely used in C language, and pointer operations are prone to errors, making it difficult to debug programs.

The advantages of the C++language include:

Object oriented programming: The C++language supports object oriented programming, allowing code to be organized and written in a better structure, improving code reusability and readability.
Polymorphism: The C++language supports polymorphism, allowing for the execution of different program codes based on different data types and operations.
Rich class libraries: The C++language provides rich class libraries that can greatly accelerate program development.
Portability: The C++language can run on different operating systems and hardware architectures, achieving portability on different platforms.

The shortcomings of the C++language include:

Difficulty in learning: The C++language itself is relatively complex and requires more time and effort to learn.
Difficult to debug: Due to the complexity of C++, debugging is also relatively difficult.
Long compilation time: The compilation time of C++language is relatively long, and the compiler is relatively complex, which can easily lead to low development efficiency.

How to declare variables and allocate memory

In C language, the declaration and definition of variables are separate. You need to first declare variables in the function or global scope (i.e. specify variable names and types), and then define variables where needed (i.e. allocate memory and initialize variables). Memory allocation in C language can be done using malloc() and free() functions.

In C++language, variables can be declared and defined simultaneously. The declaration and definition of variables can be placed in the class, and both constructors and destructors can be used to allocate and free memory. In addition, the C++language also supports the concept of namespaces, which can make variable declarations more concise and clear.

In terms of the difference between memory release and management methods, in C language, due to the lack of object-oriented programming concepts, after using the malloc() function for memory allocation, it is necessary to manually use the free() function to release memory. You should call free() very carefully, otherwise memory leak and other problems may occur.

In C++, the lifecycle of an object is determined by

System automatic management, in C++language, new and delete are used to allocate and release memory, which will automatically call the constructor and destructor of the object. The use of the new and delete keywords can ensure the memory security of the program, manage memory more easily, and reduce the occurrence of memory leak. At the same time, C++also realizes automatic memory management through the concept of smart pointer, which avoids the tedious work and error prone problems of manually releasing memory.

Actual use

A. Sample code written in C language

The following is a simple C language program that implements sorting of arrays:

#include< stdio.h>#include< stdlib.h>int main() {inti,j,n,temp,*arr;printf("Enterthenumberofelements:");scanf("%d",&n); arr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));printf("Entertheelements:");for(i=0; i< n; i++)scanf("%d",& arr[i]);for(i=0; i< n-one; i++){for(j=i+one; j< n; j++){if(arr[i]>arr[j]){temp=arr[i];arr[i]=arr[j];arr[j]=temp;}}}printf("SortedArray:");for(i=0; i< n; i++)printf("%d",arr[i]);return 0;}

This program uses a dynamic memory allocation method to dynamically allocate the required memory during runtime, avoiding a series of problems caused by static memory allocation, such as storage space waste, memory limitations, and so on.

B. Sample code written in C++language

The following is a simple C++program that uses classes and objects to sort arrays:

#include< iostream>#include< algorithm>using namespace std;class Sort{public:void sortArray(intarr[],intn) {sort(arr, arr +n);}};int main() {intn,arr[one00];cout<& lt;"Enterthenumberofelements:";cin>& gt; n;cout<& lt;"Entertheelements:";for(inti=0; i< n; i++)cin>>arr[i];Sort obj;obj.sortArray(arr,n);cout<& lt;"SortedArray:";for(inti=0; i< n; i++)cout<& lt;arr[i]<& lt;"";return 0;}

This program uses object-oriented programming to define a class Sort, place the sortArray() method in the class, and sort the array. At the same time, the sort() function in the STL library was used for sorting, simplifying the difficulty of program writing.

C. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages between C language and C++language in different application scenarios

one.

In the field of system development, C language remains one of the preferred languages because it has high efficiency and portability, making it convenient for low-level program design and operating system development. C++has relatively few applications in this area, as it often brings additional performance overhead and higher development costs.

2. Embedded system

For the development of embedded systems, the running speed of C language is usually important, while C++language has a higher overhead for the system and cannot run well on some resource limited embedded systems.

3. Game development

C++language is a commonly used programming language in game development, as it has the characteristics of object-oriented programming, making programs easier to read and maintain, while also improving program development efficiency.

4. Enterprise level applications

For enterprise level application development, C++and Java are one of the more commonly used programming languages. The C++language can be used for application design and development in various fields, with a wide range of applications. Java has outstanding advantages in web application development, making it easy to develop and deploy across platforms.

In summary, both C and C++languages have their own application fields, and they have their own advantages and disadvantages in different application scenarios. Choosing a programming language that is suitable for oneself should be based on considerations such as application scenarios, maintainability, development efficiency, and operational efficiency.

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