Nature Review: Application of UVP6 in Marine Zooplankton Monitoring and Modeling

Tech 2023-05-17 04:22:03 Source: Network

Summary:With the intensification of global climate change, the ecosystem functions of zooplankton are undergoing changes. At present, due to limitations in sampling techniques and methods, there are issues with insufficient data and geographical gaps in the coverage of zooplankton monitoring

Summary:With the intensification of global climate change, the ecosystem functions of zooplankton are undergoing changes. At present, due to limitations in sampling techniques and methods, there are issues with insufficient data and geographical gaps in the coverage of zooplankton monitoring. The latest Nature review article proposes a method that combines traditional research tools (web mining) with new technologies (in situ imaging) and omics to monitor zooplankton populations, and specifically proposes the use of UVP6 to help provide observational data on zooplankton.

Zooplankton is an important part of the marine ecosystem. They are an important way of energy transfer between primary producers and higher trophic level such as fish, marine mammals and seabirds, and affect the marine biogeochemistry cycle through direct and indirect feedback. In recent years, research on the physiology, community composition, and distribution of zooplankton has shown that zooplankton are very sensitive to marine climate change. Due to the rise of ocean temperature, many important changes have taken place in zooplankton, such as changes in phenology, distribution range and particle size structure, which in turn have changed the biogeochemistry cycle, energy transmission pathways and ecosystem services that humans obtain from the ocean.

Figure 1: The role of zooplankton in biological carbon pumps

On February 2, 2023, a review article was published in the journal NatureCommunications, which assessed the key response of zooplankton to marine climate change, discussed its impact on the interaction between biological carbon pump and high trophic level, and finally put forward the current restrictions on long-term monitoring of zooplankton and future prospects for global zooplankton research.

The Impact of Climate Change on Zooplankton

(1) Changes in phenological time. Usually, species appear earlier in spring or summer, and later in autumn.

(2) The geographical range has shifted. Under warming seawater conditions, some zooplankton species typically move towards the poles and/or deeper water layers to maintain their core within the optimal water temperature range.

(3) Changes in particle size of zooplankton. As the ocean continues to warm, smaller copepod species may dominate, leading to a cascade effect on fisheries production and carbon sequestration.

In addition, climate change affects the behavior and particle size structure of zooplankton, which in turn can have a complex chain reaction on fisheries production and carbon sequestration. The article mentioned that due to changes in environmental conditions, the element stoichiometry of zooplankton will change. At the same time, with the warming of the ocean, the respiration of zooplankton will accelerate, but the changes in digestion and excretion are not clear. These uncertainties, combined with the uncertainty of zooplankton phenology, distribution range and particle size structure, make it impossible to accurately predict how zooplankton regulate the biological carbon pump in the future.

In addition, changes in zooplankton communities may affect higher-level predators, so further monitoring and management of zooplankton data are needed.

Figure 2 Potential changes in the respiration, digestion, and excretion processes of zooplankton

New methods for studying zooplankton

At present, the global long-term zooplankton monitoring project still has the problems of insufficient data and geographical gaps in coverage. Therefore, the author proposed a comprehensive sampling method: combining traditional research tools (net sampling) with new technologies (in-situ imaging) and omics to monitor floating species groups and simulate their future scenarios in global change.

Among them, the author specifically pointed out that the underwater particle and zooplankton image in situ acquisition system (UVP6) can be used to obtain the zooplankton in situ image, and combine it with the plankton network, ARGO buoy, CTD and satellite biogeochemistry data to provide observation data on how the floating animals are affected by the environment. The author particularly suggests deploying ARGO buoy networks and UVPs in remote sea areas and less monitored coastal areas to help fill the knowledge gap of zooplankton in this geography.

Figure 3 combines traditional zooplankton sampling methods with modern sampling techniques

Underwater particulate matter and zooplankton image in-situ collection system (UVP6-LP)

Figure 4UVP6-LP Placement on the Carrier

After processing the zooplankton images captured by UVP6-LP, they can be uploaded to the EcoTaxa website for automatic identification and classification using existing or self created libraries on the website. At the same time, corresponding particle size spectra can also be drawn based on screening conditions. In addition, users can also search and browse areas and projects of interest on the website.

Prospects for Research on Zooplankton

At the end of the review, the author points out that 81% of the long-term monitoring data of zooplankton in current scientific research is not publicly available, which hinders the scientific community's response to climate change issues in ecosystems.

In order to better understand the impact of global change on zooplankton abundance, biomass and diversity, efforts should be made from researchers, funders and magazines to ensure the disclosure of key long-term monitoring data. In addition, the author calls for the establishment of regional and global networks, the promotion of international cooperation, and continuous observation across national borders.

reference

1.RatnarajahL,Abu-AlhaijaR,AtkinsonA,etal.Monitoringandmodellingmarinezooplanktoninachangingclimate[J].NatureCommunications,2023,14(1):564.

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