China's Technological Rise: Leading the World in Nearly 90% of Key Technologies, Surpassing the US in Five Key Areas

Tech 2024-08-31 18:55:19 Source: Network

China's Technological Rise: Leading the World in Nearly 90% of Key Technologies, Surpassing the US in Five Key AreasChina Leads in Nearly 90% of Technologies GloballyThe U.S

China's Technological Rise: Leading the World in Nearly 90% of Key Technologies, Surpassing the US in Five Key Areas

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On the global stage of technological competition, China has demonstrated astonishing speed, constantly rewriting the world's perception of "Chinese speed." From artificial intelligence and 5G communication to renewable energy, aerospace, and military technology, China has made significant strides in numerous critical fields. An Australian think tank has even acknowledged: "China is at the forefront of research in most advanced technologies." This think tank identified 64 core technologies, with the U.S. leading in 7, while China's number is astonishing. So, in the eyes of Australians, how many world-leading technologies does China possess?

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China Leads in Nearly 90% of Technologies Globally

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According to a report by the Nikkei Asian Review, an Australian think tank recently released a new study that meticulously compared China and the U.S. in 64 technology research and development fields. The think tank analyzed the top 10% of papers published worldwide from 2003 to 2023, encompassing key areas such as defense, space, energy, environment, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and robotics. The findings revealed that between 2003 and 2007, the U.S. ranked first in 60 categories, while China led in only 3. However, a dramatic reversal has occurred over the past two decades. Between 2019 and 2023, the U.S. claimed the top spot in only 7 categories, including quantum computing, biotechnology, gene technology, and vaccines, while China held the lead in 57 technologies, representing nearly 90% of the total.

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The U.S. Maintains Its Lead in Quantum Computing and Biotechnology

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Despite China's dominance in numerous fields, the U.S. continues to lead in quantum computing and biotechnology.

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In quantum computing, the U.S. achieved a significant breakthrough in October 2019. A research team led by scientists from Google's quantum team reported that a 54-qubit quantum processor could complete a specially designed computational task in approximately 200 seconds. In contrast, a state-of-the-art classical supercomputer would require around 10,000 years to accomplish the same task. This research experiment is considered a milestone in quantum computing. In April 2024, Google's quantum team unveiled a second-generation quantum processor with 70 qubits, capable of executing even more complex tasks than its 2019 predecessor. Even the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's supercomputer would take 47 years to complete the computation that this quantum processor can accomplish instantaneously.

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In biotechnology, the U.S., at the end of the Cold War, identified biotechnology and the information industry as two pioneering industries, contributing significantly to global economic growth. From 2001 to 2020, the U.S. held the highest share of global biotechnology patent applications, reaching approximately 39% in 2020, placing it first. China ranked third. The development of biotechnology relies heavily on researchers, and the U.S. has assembled a formidable biotechnology team by gathering global talent and resources. The number of biotechnology personnel in the U.S. has increased from 42,000 in 2012 to 250,000 in 2021, nearing 300,000 in 2023, with these individuals hailing from various countries worldwide.

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China Outpaces the U.S. in Five Key Technologies

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While the U.S. maintains its lead in quantum computing and biotechnology, China has surpassed the U.S. in several other areas, with five fields standing out:

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1. Military-Use Technology: China ranks first in 24 technologies, including radar, satellite positioning, and drones, all of which belong to the highest risk category for technological monopolies. Among these, the most unexpected is hypersonic missiles, where China holds a 73% share compared to the U.S.'s meager 3%.

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2. Advanced Aviation: China dominates with a 63% share, far exceeding the U.S., which holds 7%. Advanced aircraft engine technology has long been monopolized by a select few countries, but China's continuous efforts in technological innovation and industrial manufacturing have enabled the development of a full-range aircraft engine manufacturing capability. China has successfully developed its first domestically produced C919 passenger aircraft, which has been commercially operated by China Eastern Airlines for over a year, marking a new phase in national aviation operations.

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3. 6G Satellite Technology: China took the lead by launching the first 6G communication satellite, ushering in a new era of 6G technology and providing robust technological support for future global wireless communication. China boasts 80% of global 6G patent technology, making it unmatched by other countries. China's 6G capabilities encompass a wide range of applications, including smart driving, space-ground control, and the Internet of Things, and its strength in infrastructure such as base stations and satellites is also considerable.

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4. Renewable Energy: When it comes to renewable energy, lithium-ion batteries are undoubtedly the most dazzling jewel. In the first half of 2024, six Chinese companies held the top ten positions in the global market with a combined market share of 64.9%, including leading companies like CATL and BYD. In the global automotive market, China's new energy vehicles are leading the charge, with Chinese automakers accounting for 69% of the market share. BYD, in particular, has become the world's best-selling new energy vehicle brand with sales of 1.52 million units. China has also achieved global leadership in solar energy, wind energy, and energy storage. China's share of the green electricity market once reached 63%, making it a driving force behind global green electricity development.

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5. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV): China's drone companies have seen rapid development, and their technology currently stands at the forefront of the world. For instance, the "Lijian, Xianglong, Tianyi, and Rainbow" series of drones produced in China have emerged as globally advanced models. Chinese drones are not only affordable but also boast excellent performance. The fact that the U.S. initially restricted the import of Chinese drones before lifting the ban shows the level of technological advancement in Chinese drones. As international security situations become increasingly tense, the rapidly developing drone technology has become militarized on international battlefields. However, China's drones are not designed for mass-produced weapons of mass destruction; our drones are primarily for peaceful purposes.

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Ranking of Other Countries in Core Technologies

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Besides China and the U.S., the rankings of other countries in core technologies are also worth noting:

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South Korea ranks among the top 5 in 24 of the 64 core technologies, including "battery and semiconductor industries," particularly in supercapacitors, where it trails only China. Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, are a new type of energy storage device that bridges the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries. They have the potential to become a core industrial component for electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles in the future.

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Japan holds only 8 top rankings, primarily in nuclear energy and electronic sensors. Although Japan lacks nuclear weapons, its nuclear technology has reached the level of near-nuclear weapons states, and few would question its capability to produce nuclear weapons. Japan holds a leading position in nuclear fusion research, currently possessing the world's largest helical fusion experimental device. Japan is also a global leader in quantum sensors, and this year, the University of Tokyo achieved the world's most sensitive low-frequency magnetic field test using diamond quantum sensors. Research on quantum sensors can also increase the range of electric vehicles by approximately 10%, a breakthrough that offers a glimpse of a more environmentally friendly and efficient future for transportation.

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India ranks fifth in 45 of the 64 core technologies, trailing the U.S. and China. The UK and Germany follow with scores of 36 and 27, respectively, rounding out the top 5.

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Conclusion

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The Chinese proverb "Thirty years in the east, thirty years in the west" signifies the cyclical nature of development and change, with the rise and fall of fortunes. Previously, China relied on market exchange to import advanced technologies. However, a transformation has occurred. Within a few decades, Chinese technology has witnessed remarkable progress, with technological strength transitioning from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leaps and from breakthroughs in individual areas to the enhancement of systemic capabilities. The rise of Chinese technology not only propels its own development but also contributes to the advancement of global science and technology.

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References:

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1. Observer.com (August 30, 2024) "Australian "Anti-China Think Tank" Hype: 64 Key Areas of Advanced Technologies, China Ranks First in 57"

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2. Jiangsu Energy Storage (August 23, 2024) "Seven Sub-sectors of New Energy: China Ranks First Globally in All"

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3. Reference Information (August 30, 2024) "Australian Think Tank: China Leads in Nearly 90% of Advanced Technology Fields"

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4. Fudan University Belt and Road and Global

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