Chapter 03- Linux Common Commands
| AD |
02-vmwarecentos7shellshell(kernel)shell-2-1-2-1shellshellshellshellshellBourne Shell/usr/bin/sh/bin/shBourne Again Shell/bin/bashC Shell/usr/bin/cshK Shell/usr/bin/kshshell[root@cdphost ~]# echo $SHELL/bin/bashLinuxman[root@cdphost ~]# man lsreboot[root@cdphost ~]# rebootshutdown[root@cdphost ~]# shutdownlsls [] []ls-l-a-A.
02-vmwarecentos7
shellshell(kernel)shell-2-1
-2-1
shellshellshellshell
shellBourne Shell/usr/bin/sh/bin/shBourne Again Shell/bin/bashC Shell/usr/bin/cshK Shell/usr/bin/ksh
- shell
[root@cdphost ~]# echo $SHELL/bin/bashman
[root@cdphost ~]# man lsreboot
[root@cdphost ~]# rebootshutdown
[root@cdphost ~]# shutdownls
ls [] []
ls
-l | |
-a | |
-A | ... |
-h | |
-t | |
-r |
[root@cdphost ~]# ls -ltotal 4194316-rw-------. 1 root root 1808 Dec 15 2022 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw------- 1 root root 1908 Jun 19 16:56 dead.letterdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 15 2022 Desktopdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 15 2022 Documents... ...pwd
[root@cdphost ~]# pwd/rootcd
cd <>
. | |
.. | |
~ | Home |
- | |
/home/cdp |
[root@cdphost ~]# cd /usr/bin[root@cdphost bin]# pwd/usr/binmkdir
mkdir [] <>
mkdir
-p |
[root@cdphost ~]# mkdir -p /root/temp1/temp2[root@cdphost ~]# cd /root/temp1/temp2/[root@cdphost temp2]# pwd/root/temp1/temp2rm
rm [] </>
rm
-r | |
-f |
[root@cdphost temp2]# pwd/root/temp1/temp2[root@cdphost temp2]# cd ~[root@cdphost ~]# pwd/root[root@cdphost ~]# rm -rf temp1[root@cdphost ~]#rename
rename
[root@cdphost temp1]# lsaaa aaabbb.txt dddaaa.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# rename aaa bbb aaabbb.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# lsaaa bbbbbb.txt dddaaa.txt[root@cdphost temp1]#mv
mv <> <>
1/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2
[root@cdphost temp1]# mv /root/temp1/aaa /root/temp22/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2
[root@cdphost temp1]# mv /root/temp1/aaa/* /root/temp2/bbb3/root/temp2bbbccc
[root@cdphost temp2]# mv /root/temp2/bbb /root/temp2/ccccp
cp <> <>
cp
-r |
1/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2/ccc
[root@cdphost ccc]# cp -r /root/temp1/aaa /root/temp2/ccc2/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2/ccc
[root@cdphost ccc]# cp -r /root/temp1/aaa/* /root/temp2/ccctouch
[root@cdphost temp1]# lltotal 0[root@cdphost temp1]# touch a.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# lltotal 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 25 23:00 a.txtcat
[root@cdphost temp1]# cat /etc/passwdmore
[root@cdphost temp1]# more /etc/passwdhead
10
head []
head
-n |
1/etc/group5
[root@cdphost temp1]# head -n 5 /etc/grouproot:x:0:bin:x:1:daemon:x:2:sys:x:3:adm:x:4:tail
10
tail []
tail
-n | |
-f |
1/etc/group5
[root@cdphost temp1]# tail -n 5 /etc/grouptcpdump:x:72:stapusr:x:156:stapsys:x:157:stapdev:x:158:cdp:x:1000:cdp2/root/cdp.txt
[root@cdphost ~]# tail -f cdp.txt788wc
wc []
wc
-l | |
-w | |
-c |
1/etc/passwd
[root@cdphost ~]# wc -l /etc/passwd43 /etc/passwd2/etc/passwd
[root@cdphost ~]# wc -w /etc/passwd87 /etc/passwd3/etc/passwd
[root@cdphost ~]# wc -c /etc/passwd2256 /etc/passwddu
dd
du
-h | |
-s | |
-b | byte |
-m | M |
-k | K |
1
[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh3.5G .2
[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh *100K 100K_temp.txt100M 100M_temp.txt1.0G 1G_temp.txt4.0K 2048_temp.txt2.4G a3
[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a2.4G /root/temp1/a4
[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a | cut -f12.4G[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a | awk '{print $1}'2.4Gfind
find path -option [-print ] [ -exec -ok command ] {} ;
find
-name | |
-type | f |
-size |
1.c
[root@cdphost temp1]# find / -name "*.c"/usr/lib/firmware/isci/create_fw.c/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/share/dist/DBD-SQLite/sqlite3.c/usr/share/doc/libpng-1.5.13/example.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/divworst.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/rndo-add.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/sample.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/version.c/usr/share/doc/libbluray-0.2.3/player_wrappers/xine/input_bluray.c2100M
[root@cdphost temp1]# find /root/temp1 -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} ;-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.0G Dec 23 12:34 /root/temp1/1G_temp.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.0G Dec 23 12:51 /root/temp1/a/temp.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 400M Dec 23 12:53 /root/temp1/a/b/100M_temp.txtgrep
grep [] [] file
grep
-v | |
-n | |
-c | |
-r |
1hello
[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rn/root/temp1/b.txt:3:asdfsaf hello/root/temp1/c/c.txt:10:hello hello/root/temp1/a.txt:6:abc hello/root/temp1/a.txt:7:hello cdb2hello
[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rc | grep ":0" -v/root/temp1/b.txt:1/root/temp1/c/c.txt:1/root/temp1/a.txt:23hello
[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rc | grep ":0" -v | cut -d ":" -f1/root/temp1/b.txt/root/temp1/c/c.txt/root/temp1/a.txt4
[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "^$" /root/temp1/a.txt -n3:5:linux$cat -A /root/temp1/a.txt
5java
[root@cdphost temp1]# ps -ef | grep java | grep -v grepdate
date [] [+]
date
-s datestr | datestr |
date
%Y | (0000..9999) |
%m | (01..12) |
%d | (01..31) |
%H | (00..23) |
%M | (00..59) |
%S | (00..59) |
%A | (Sunday..Saturday) |
%j |
1[yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss]
[root@cdphost temp1]# date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'2022-12-23 15:48:402
[root@cdphost temp1]# date '+%A'Friday320211231 9:00:00
[root@cdphost temp1]# date -s '2021-12-31 9:00:00'ifconfig
IP
[root@cdphost temp1]# ifconfigdf
df []
df
-T | |
-h |
1
Filesystem
Size
Used
Avail
Use%
Mounted on
free
free []
free
-h | |
-m | M |
1
total
used
free
shared
buff/cache
available
top
[root@cdphost temp1]# top
top - 22:42:52 up 42 min, 2 users, load average: 0.13, 0.09, 0.12
22:42:5242 21,5,150.13, 0.09, 0.12
load average()CPU,(1,5,15)
Tasks: 492 total, 1 running, 491 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
4921()491()0(stoppedkill)0()
%cpu(s): 7.2 us, 1.4 sy, 0.0 ni, 91.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
7.2% us CPU
1.4% sy CPU
0.0% ni CPU
91.3 % id CPU
0.0% wa IOCPU
0.0% hi Hardware IRQCPU
0.2% si Software InterruptsCPU
0.0% st CPU
CPUwindows
KiB Mem: 2035648 total, 888272 used, 1147376 free, 884 buffers
2035648k total 2035M
888272k used 888M
1147376k free 1147M
884k buffers 0.8M
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 0 used, 2097148 free. 255104 cached Mem
swap
2097148k total 2097M
0k used 0M
2097148 k free 2097M
255104k cached 255M
used
PID | ID |
USER | |
PR | 'rt' |
NI | nice |
VIRT | kbVIRT=SWAP+RES |
RES | kbRES=CODE+DATA |
SHR | SHRkb |
S | ,: D - R S T Z |
%CPU | CPU |
%MEM | |
TIME+ | CPU |
COMMAND | / |
who
NAME
LINEpts/0:0x(x-window)
TIME
COMMENTIP
whoami
[root@cdphost ~]# whoamirootps
ps []
ps
-e | () |
-f |
15
2java
[root@cdphost ~]# ps -ef | grep java | grep -v grepkill
1
[root@cdphost ~]# kill -9 2
[root@cdphost ~]# kill -9 1 2 3 which
1pwd
[root@cdphost ~]# which pwd/usr/bin/pwdwget
1centos7163yum
[root@cdphost temp1]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.reposu
su [-]
su --
su - --
1su PATH
2su - PATH
sudo
sudo
sudo
1visudo
2/etc/sudoers(chmod u+w /etc/sudoers)
(/etc/sudoers)
visudo | |
cdp ALL=(ALL) ALL | cdpsudo |
%cdp ALL=(ALL) ALL | cdpsudo |
cdp ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL() | cdpsudo |
%cdp ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL | cdpsudo |
ALLsudo192.168.226.250/24
ALL
ALL
1cdpsudo
1visudo/etc/sudoers
[root@cdphost ~]# visudo --/etc/sudoers2
[cdp@cdphost ~]$ sudo systemctl stop firewalldhistory
110
[root@cdphost ~]# history | tail -n 10951 echo $PATH952 systemctl status firelwalld953 systemctl status firewalld954 visudo955 cat /etc/sudoers956 vi /etc/sudoers957 ll /etc/sudoers958 visudo959 history960 history | tail -n 102
[root@cdphost ~]# !951echo $PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/binscp
linux
1.scp [] local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file2.scp [] remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file local_filescp
-r |
1
[root@cdphost temp1]# scp 100M_temp.txt [email protected]:/root/temp3[root@cdphost temp1]# scp -r /root/temp2 [email protected]:/root/temp32
[root@cdphost temp4]# scp [email protected]:/root/temp3/100M_temp.txt ./[root@cdphost temp4]# scp -r [email protected]:/root/temp3/temp2 ./gzip
gzip [] []
gzip
-d | |
-l | |
-v |
1
2
3
tar
tar [] [] [..]
tar
-c | |
-v | |
-f | |
-x | |
-z | gzip,.gz |
-t | |
-C |
-c-x
linux3
-z | gzip | .tar.gz | gz > bz2 > xz xz > bz2 > gz |
-j | bzip2 | .tar.bz2 | |
-J | xz | .tar.xz |
1
2
3
4
5
6
zip
zip [] [.zip] [1]
zip
-q | |
-r |
1
unzip
uzip [] [.zip]
uzip
-l | |
-d |
1
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Tag: Chapter Linux Common Commands
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